Photographs taken among the Pende peoples in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the years 1955-1957. Publications used for identifying and describing the collection photographs include
L'Art Pende
(Bruxelles: Académie royale de Belgique, 1958) and
Les danses rituelles Mungonge et Kelas des Bapende
(Academie royale des sciences coloniales, 1956), both by Léon de Sousberghe;
Inventing Masks: Agency and History in the Art of the Central Pende
by Z.S. Strother (The University of Chicago Press, 1998); and, from
Secrecy: African Art that Conceals and Reveals
Mary H. Nooter, ed. (New York: Museum for African Art, 1993), Z.S. Strother's article,
The Physical and Social Boundaries of Secrecy: Eastern Pende Constuctions of Secrecy,
pp. 157-178.