Biographical/Historical note
The following information was taken from The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Directory of Airplanes: Their Designers and Manufacturers, edited by Dana Bell, 2002 (Greenhill Books: London).
"In 1924, Sherman Fairchild established the Fairchild Aviation Corp as the parent company for his many aviation interests. In 1930, The Aviation Corp (AVCO) purchased Fairchild Aviation and its subsidiaries, initially operating the various companies under their original names. The following year, Sherman Fairchild repurchased Fairchild Aviation Corp and began repurchasing the subordinate companies. In a December 1936 reorganization, Fairchild Aviation Corp divested itself of all aircraft manufacturing interests, placing them under a new Fairchild Engine and Airplane Co.
The original aircraft manufacturing subsidiary of Fairchild Aviation Corp was Fairchild Airplane Manufacturing Co; it was created in 1924 to design and build aircraft as platforms for Fairchild's aerial survey cameras. Fairchild Airplane Manufacturing was one of the subsidiaries purchased by AVCO in 1930, but not one of the first companies repurchased by Sherman Fairchild. In 1931 AVCO combined the aircraft company with Fairchild Engine Co, forming American Airplane and Engine Corp. Fairchild Aviation Corp bought American Airplane and Engine in 1934, renaming the company the Fairchild Aircraft Manufacturing and Engine Co.
In the 1936 reorganization that divided Fairchild Aviation Corp assets, Fairchild Aircraft Manufacturing and Engine Co became Fairchild Engine and Airplane Co and took charge of all Fairchild aircraft and engine holdings. Fairchild Engine and Airplane Co became Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corp in 1950 and Fairchild Stratos Corp in 1961. With the 1964 purchase of Hiller Aircraft Corp, Fairchild Stratos was renamed Fairchild Hiller Corp, then, again, renamed Fairchild Industries after the separation of all Hiller interests in 1973. Although Fairchild Industries closed and sold its military and commercial aircraft manufacturing divisions in 1987, "Fairchild" aircraft continued to be produced through the Swearingen Metro and Fairchild Dornier lines (see below).
Fairchild created, purchased, and merged with several companies during its history. The following are the most important subsidiaries:
Fairchild Aircraft Ltd was created in 1929 as Fairchild Aviation Corp's Canadian subsidiary. The company ended all aircraft production in 1948.
The Kreider Reisner Aircraft Co Inc was formed in 1927. Kreider Reisner became a wholly-owned division of (first) the Fairchild Airplane Manufacturing Co in 1929, (second) AVCO's American Airplane and Engine Corp (which renamed KR aircraft "Pilgrims") in 1931, and (third) Fairchild Aircraft Manufacturing and Engine Co in 1934. Kreider-Reisner was renamed the Fairchild Aircraft Corp in 1935, becoming Fairchild Engine and Airplane Co's principle US aircraft manufacturing subsidiary. Fairchild Aircraft Corp was renamed the Fairchild Aircraft Division in 1939, the Fairchild Aircraft and Missiles Division in 1961, the Fairchild Stratos Aircraft and Missiles Division in 1961, the Aircraft-Missiles Division in 1965, and the Aircraft Division in 1967. With a growing number of aircraft subsidiaries reporting to Fairchild Industries, the Aircraft Division was broken up in a corporate reorganization of the 1970s. While the Kreider Reisner Midget is listed under Kreider Reisner, all Kreider Reisner Challenger series aircraft (designated "KR" biplanes by Fairchild) appear under Fairchild.
In 1936 Fairchild Engine and Airplane Co founded the subsidiary Duromold Aircraft Corp to better account for time spent developing the Duromold wood/resin bonding process and the Model 46 aircraft. In 1938, the majority interest in Duromold was bought by a group of investors (including process inventor Col. Virginius E. Clark), who formed the Clark Aircraft Corp. Fairchild kept a minority interest in Clark, retaining Duromold as a holding company. In September 1938, Fairchild renamed its Duromold division Fairchild Airplane Investment Corp, and Clark created a subsidiary called Duramold Aircraft Corp (note the spelling change). In 1938 Duramold was renamed Molded Aircraft Corp. In 1939, Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corp bought back a controlling interest in Clark and renamed Molded Aircraft Duramold Aircraft Manufacturing Corp. The Duramold and Clark companies disappeared during one of Fairchild's World War II reorganizations.
In 1952 Fairchild licensed the rights to Dutch Fokker's F.27 medium-range airliner. In 1953, the USAF transferred production contracts for the Chase Aircraft Co, Inc C 123 to Fairchild. The Chase-built XC 123 and XC 123A appear under Chase, while Fairchild's C-123 production is listed under Fairchild.
In 1954, the American Helicopter Co, Inc (founded 1947) became the Helicopter Division of Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corp. The division closed by the end of decade.
In 1964, Fairchild Stratos purchased Hiller Aircraft Corp, and both companies were renamed: Hiller Aircraft Co Inc become a subsidiary of Fairchild Hiller Corp. In the 1973 reorganization of Fairchild Hiller into Fairchild Industries, Hiller helicopter interests passed to an independent Hiller Aviation Inc….
In 1965, the Republic Aviation Corp became Republic Aviation Division (also known as Fairchild Republic) of Fairchild Hiller Corp. In 1987, Republic was shut down when Fairchild Industries ceased building commercial and military aircraft.
Swearingen Aircraft formed in the late 1950s, modifying Beech aircraft for executive transport. In 1965 the company produced its first new design, the Merlin. In 1970 Swearingen began development of the Metro, a joint venture to be marketed by Fairchild Hiller Corp. As a subsidiary of Fairchild Industries, Swearingen became Swearingen Aviation Corp, in 1971, Fairchild Swearingen in 1981, and Fairchild Aircraft Corp in September 1982. When Fairchild Industries closed its aircraft design and production facilities in 1987, Fairchild Aircraft Corp was sold to GMF Investments, Inc; GMF continued to operate the company under the Fairchild name. In 1990, Fairchild Aircraft filed for Chapter 11 protection and was purchased by Fairchild Acquisition Inc as Fairchild Aircraft Inc. Fairchild Aircraft delivered its last aircraft in 2001. Most Swearingen designs are filed under Swearingen; the Metro and Expediter can be found under Fairchild.
In 1996, Fairchild Acquisition became Fairchild Aerospace. While continuing to operate Fairchild Aircraft, the company also purchased 80% of the stock of Germany's Dornier Luftfahrt GmbH (with the remaining 20% of shares held by Daimler Benz Aerospace). Dornier's aircraft manufacturing operations were taken over by Fairchild Dornier Luftfahrt Beteiligungs GmbH. In 2000, Fairchild Aerospace was renamed Fairchild Dornier Aerospace, with corporate headquarters moved to Germany. Dornier designs predating Fairchild's takeover are listed under Dornier. Subsequent designs are found under Fairchild Dornier."
The following lists companies owned by Sherman Fairchild Industries and their years of incorporation. Major divisions of Fairchild are also listed. This list does not include when these entities were divested of or liquidated.
1920
Fairchild Aerial Camera Corporation
1922
Fairchild Aerial Surveys (of Canada) Limited
1924
Fairchild Aerial Surveys, Incorporated
1924
S.M. Fairchild Flying Corporation
1925
Fairchild Caminez Engine Corporation
1925
Fairchild Airplane Manufacturing Corporation
1925
Fairchild Flying Company, Incorporated (name change from S.M. Fairchild Flying Corp.)
1925
Fairchild Aviation Corporation (holding company for Fairchild Aerial Camera Corporation, Fairchild Aerial Surveys, Inc., Fairchild Flying Company, Inc, Fairchild Caminez Engine Corporation, Fairchild Airplane Manufacturing Corporation and Fairchild Aerial Surveys (of Canada) Ltd.)
1925
Fairchild Aerial Camera Corporation
1926
Elliot-Fairchild Air Service, Limited
1926
Elliot-Fairchild Air Transport, Limited
1926
Fairchild Aviation, Limited (name change from Fairchild Aerial Surveys (of Canada) Limited)
1926
Fairchild Air Transport, Limited (name change from Elliot-Fairchild Air Transport, Limited)
1927
Fairchild Aviation Corporation (reorganization and refinancing of the following subsidiaries and minority holdings, Fairchild Aerial Camera Corporation, Fairchild Aerial Surveys, Inc., Fairchild Flying Company, Inc, Fairchild Caminez Engine Corporation, Fairchild Airplane Manufacturing Corporation, Fairchild Aviation, Limited, Compania Mexicana de Aviacion, S.A. [20% stock] and International Aerial Engineering Company [20% stock])
1928
Faircam Realty Corporation
1928
Fairchild Boats, Incorporated
1928
Fairchild Engine Corporation
1928
West Indian Aerial Express, Incorporated
1928
Fairchild Aviation Corporation of Illinois
1929
Fairchild Shares Corporation
1929
Fairchild Aircraft, Limited
1930
Fairchild-American Photo Aerial Surveys, S.A.
1932
Fairchild Airplane Sales Corporation
1934
Fairchild Aircraft Corporation
1936
Fairchild Aviation, Incorporated
1936
Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation (holding company for Fairchild Aircraft Corporation, Ranger Engineering Corporation and Fairchild Aircraft, Limited [50% stock])
1937
Duramold Aircraft Corporation
1938
Fairchild Airplane Investments Corporation
1938
Duramold Aircraft Corporation
1938
Molded Aircraft Corporation (name change from Duramold Aircraft Corporation)
1938
Duramold Aircraft Corporation
1945
Fairchild Pilotless Planes Division formed by Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation
1945
Fairchild Personal Planes Division formed by Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation
1946
Fairchild – NEPA (nuclear powered aircraft engines) Division is formed by Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation
1949
Fairchild Guided Missiles Division (name change from Fairchild Pilotless Planes Division)
1953
Fairchild Speed Control Division formed by Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation
1953
Fairchild Aviation, (Holland) N.V.
1954
American Helicopter Division formed by Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation
1954
Fairchild Kinetics Division formed by Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation
1955
Fairchild Armalite Division formed by Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation
1956
Fairchild Electronics Division (name change from American Helicopter Division)
1957
Jonco Aircraft Corporation
1958
Fairchild Arms International, Limited
1958
Fairchild Astronautics Division (name change from Fairchild Guided Missiles Division)
1958
Fairchild Aircraft and Missiles Division (name change from Fairchild Aircraft Division)
1958
International Aluminum Structures Incorporated
1960
Astrionics Division (name change from Electronics Systems Division)
1960
Aircraft Service Division
1961
Fairchild Stratos Corporation (operating division, subsidiaries and affiliates: Aircraft-Missile Division, Aircraft Service Division, Electronic Systems Division, Stratos Division, Fairchild Arms International Ltd, Fairchild Aviation (Holland) N.V., and Aerotest Laboratories, Inc.)
1962
Space System Division formed by Fairchild Stratos Corporation
1962
Data Systems Engineering formed by Fairchild Stratos Corporation
1964
Hiller Aircraft Company, Inc
1964
Fairchild Hiller Corporation (name change from Fairchild Stratos Corporation; division and subsidiaries: Aircraft Missiles Division, Aircraft Service Division, Electronic Systems Division, Data Systems Engineering, Space Systems Division, Stratos Division, Hiller Aircraft Company, Inc., Fairchild Aviation (Holland) N.V. and Fairchild Arms International, Inc.)
1965
Republic Aviation Corporation
1965
Republic Aviation Division
1965
Electronic and Information Systems Division (formed by combining Electronic Systems Division, Data Systems Engineering and similar disciplines from Republic Aviation Corporation)
1966
Burns Aero Seat Company, Incorporated
1966
Fairchild Hiller – FRG Corporation
1966
Aircraft Division (formed by combining Aircraft-Missiles Division and Hiller Aircraft Company, Inc.)
1966
Space and Electronics Systems Division (formed by combining Space Systems Division and Electronic and Information Systems Division)
1966
Industrial Products Division (forms from the Industrial Products Branch of Stratos Division)
1967
Air Carrier Engine Services, Inc.
1967
Fairchild Chemical Corporation
1967
EWR-Fairchild International
1968
Fairchild Aircraft Marketing Company
1969
Fairchild-Germantown Development Company, Incorporated
1970
Fairchild Aviation (Asia) Limited
1971
Fairchild Industries, Incorporated (name changes from Fairchild Hiller Corporation, division and subsidiaries: Fairchild Aircraft Marketing Company, Fairchild Aircraft Service Division, Fairchild Industrial Products Division, Fairchild Republic Division, Fairchild Space and Electronics Division, Fairchild Stratos Division, Burns Aero Seat Company, Incorporated, Fairchild Arms International, Ltd., Fairchild Aviation (Asia) Limited, Fairchild Aviation (Holland) N.V., Fairchild-Germantown Development Company, Incorporated and S.J. Industries, Inc.)
1971
Fairchild KLIF, Incorporated
1971
Swearingen Aviation Corporation
1972
American Satellite Corporation
1972
Fairchild Minnesota, Incorporated
1972
Fairchild International Sales Corporation
1979
Bunker Ramo Corporation [18.4% interest]
1980
American Satellite Company
1980
Space Communications Company (Spacecom) [25% interest]
1981
Fairchild Swearingen Corporation (name change from Swearingen Aviation Corporation)
1982
Fairchild Credit Corporation
1982
Fairchild Control Systems Company (name change from Fairchild Control Systems Company)
1983
Fairchild Space Company and Fairchild Communications and Electronics Company (formed from the Fairchild Space and Electronics Company)
1929
Kreider-Reisner Aircraft Company, Incorporated [82% stock]